For some, these thoughts become so consuming that they interfere with daily life. When that happens, it may be more than insecurity; it could be Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD).
BDD is a mental health condition involving a persistent preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance, flaws that are minor or even invisible to others. People with BDD often spend hours worrying, checking, and trying to “fix” their imperfections, which can cause significant distress and affect daily functioning.
Common Signs to Look Out For
It can be difficult to tell when appearance concerns turn into something more serious.
Some common warning signs include:
Spending hours each day thinking about appearance “flaws”
Frequently checking mirrors, or avoiding mirrors completely
Trying to camouflage the “flaws” with makeup or clothing
Constantly seeking reassurance from others, but rarely feeling better afterward
Avoiding social situations because of self-consciousness
Compulsive behaviours like excessive grooming, skin picking, or cosmetic procedures
Over time, these behaviours can lead to social withdrawal, difficulties at work or school, and worsening anxiety or low mood.
Different Types of BDD
BDD can focus on any part of the body, but two specific forms are worth highlighting:
Muscle Dysmorphia (Bigorexia)
Sometimes referred to as “bigorexia” or “reverse anorexia,” this form of BDD involves a persistent belief that one’s body is not muscular enough. It may lead to extreme workouts, strict dieting, or even steroid use to “fix” the perceived problem.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder by Proxy
In this form, the preoccupation is focused on someone else’s appearance, such as a partner, child or loved one. Individuals may feel guilt, shame, or fear that their concerns could harm their relationship with the person involved.
Regardless of the type, remember that BDD isn’t about vanity but it’s about distressing distortions in self-perception.
How Body Dysmorphic Disorder Is Diagnosed
BDD is diagnosed through a clinical interview with a mental health professional, typically involving an exploration of the nature of their appearance concerns, and how these worries impact their daily lives.
As BDD symptoms often overlap with other mental health conditions, misdiagnosis is common. Since treatment for a different condition is unlikely to fully address the underlying issues, individuals have no choice but to endure prolonged distress and frustration as their symptoms persist.
A diagnosis is not about labelling but about helping individuals access the right kind of support.
Treatment and Support for BDD
The good news is that Body Dysmorphic Disorder is treatable. Most people benefit from a combination of therapy and, in some cases, medication.
Medication
Helps ease obsessive thoughts and anxiety, making it easier for individuals to meaningfully engage in therapy and life.
Psychotherapy
Mental health professionals work with you to unpack and challenge unhelpful thought patterns, while also building healthier coping strategies and ways to manage stress.
While professional help is essential, incorporating self-help strategies can complement treatment:
Focus on the present
Mindfully engage your senses in simple tasks such as noticing the sound of the television in the background. Grounding yourself in small moments can help ease anxious thoughts and gently shift your attention away from appearance worries.
Practice self-compassion
BDD can bring out a harsh inner critic. Remind yourself that these thoughts are symptoms of the condition; they don't reflect your worth. Speaking to yourself with the same kindness you’d offer a friend can help nurture self-acceptance and build self-compassion.
Join a support group
Connecting with others who understand what you’re going through can ease feelings of isolation and offer comfort, perspective, and helpful tips.
With the right support, you can learn to manage it.
Why Early Help Matters
If you’re thinking, “She’s just obsessed,” or “I don’t get why he needs to be more muscular,” think again.
BDD isn’t “just” about looks – it's a serious mental health condition that can cause intense distress and that has wide-ranging effects if left untreated. People with BDD usually face an increased risk of depression and anxiety, eating disorders, substance misuse, and social isolation.
These are real concerns that can significantly affect someone’s quality of life. If you recognise these signs in yourself or someone you love, reach out for professional support early. Early help can make a real difference. We know it can feel scary and overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate this alone.
By learning more about BDD and seeking professional support, it’s possible to break free from the mirror’s grip and rebuild a kinder, more compassionate relationship with yourself.